MS is an immune mediated disorder affecting the central nervous system. The immune system attacks the brain and spinal cord; this causes damage that disrupts normal function.
Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a single episode of neurological dysfunction, lasting more than 24 hours. It can represent the first attack of MS.
There are four types of MS: Relapsing, Secondary Progressive, Primary Progressive and Progressive Relapsing. The majority of people are diagnosed with the Relapsing type.
We do not know the exact cause of MS. There appear to be three factors: genetic risk, viruses and environmental factors.
Genetic factors contribute to MS risk, however there is only a slight increase of MS (approximately <5%) in siblings or children of someone who has the disorder.
YES! There are currently 6 FDA approved therapies for the treatment of the most common form of MS, relapsing remitting. There are also many current studies looking at newer therapies, including those that do not require injections.
Currently, the 4 first line therapies (Avonex, Betaseron, Rebif and Copaxone) are self-administered by injections. Second line therapies, such as Tysabri and Novantrone, are administered by intravenous infusion. There are currently numerous studies going on examining the safety and effectiveness of oral treatments.
A relapse is any episode of neurological dysfunction lasting longer than 24 hours. Other words for relapse are attack, exacerbation, and flare-up.
If you experience a change in your function lasting longer than 24 hours, it is possible that you are having a relapse. You can have symptoms such as weakness, loss of vision, bladder dysfunction, or numbness or tingling. You should contact your health care provider to discuss your symptoms.
A pseudo-relapse is when you are having symptoms of a relapse, but the symptoms are caused by another medical problem such as having an infection or a fever. Usually once the infection is treated, the relapse symptoms will subside.
One of the most important things you can do to prevent a relapse from occurring is to begin treatment. Sometimes relapses can be precipitated by an infection. If you are having new symptoms, your health care provider may ask you if you have recently been ill with any type of infection.
For women who have been recently given birth, the first 3 months after delivery are a time for increased risk of a relapse.